Romanisasion ti Insik

"Nailian a pagsasao" (國語; Guóyǔ) naisurat kadagiti karakter ti Tradisional ken Napalaka nga Insik, a sinaruno babaen dagiti romanisasion ti Hanyu Pinyin, Gwoyeu Romatzyh, Wade-Giles, ken Yale.

Ti Romanisasion ti Insik ket ti panagusar ti alpabeto a Latin tapno maisurat ti Insik. Ti Insik ket agus-usar iti sinuratan a logograpik, ken dagiti karakterna ket saan a dagus a mangirepresenta kadagiti ponema. Adda metten dagiti adu a sistema nga agus-usar kadagiti karakter ti Romano tapno mangirepresenta ti Insik iti amin a paset ti pakasaritaan. Linaglagip ni lingguista Daniel Kane, "Naibagbaga idi a ti sinologo ket nasken a kasla dagiti musikero, a mabalin nga agsurat iti maysa a tekla ken sisasagana a mangisurat kadagiti sabali a tekla." Nupay kasta, ti Hanyu Pinyin ket nagbalinen a ti internasional a pagalagadan manipud idi 1982. Dagiti adu pay nga ammo a sistema ket mairaman ti Wade-Giles ken ti Yale a Romanisasion.

Adu dagiti usar para iti Romanisasion ti Insik. Daytoy ket agserbi iti naserbi a ramit para kadagiti gangganaet nga agad-adal iti Insik babaen ti panangibaga ti pannakabalikas kadagiti saan a pamiliar a karakter. Daytoy ket makatulong pay para iti panangipalawag ti panangibalikas — ti panangibalikas ti Insik ket parikut kadagiti dadduma nga agsasao iti sabali a saan nga agsinnaranay a maawatan a karkaruay ti Insik a saan a nalaing a makasao iti Mandarin. Dagiti pagalagadan a tekla a kas ti QWERTY ket naidesinio dagitoy para iti alpabeto a Latin, a masansan a mangaramid a narigat iti panangikabil kadagiti karakter iti insik iti kompiuter. Dagiti diksionario ti Insik ket addaanda iti narikut nga alagaden iti panagurnos para kadagiti karakter, ken dagiti sistema ti romanisasion ket mabalin a mangpalaka ti problema babaen ti panangilista kadagiti karakter babaen ti alpabetiko a pormada iti Latin.

Dagiti nagibasaran

• Anon, Reform of the Chinese Written Language, Foreign Languages Press, (Peking), 1958.
• Chao, Y.R., A Grammar of Spoken Chinese, University of California Press, (Berkeley), 1968.
• Chappell, H., "The Romanization Debate", Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, No.4, (July 1980), pp. 105–118.
• Chen, P., "Phonetization of Chinese", pp. 164–190 in Chen, P., Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1999.
• DeFrancis, J., Nationalism and Language Reform in China, Princeton University Press, (Princeton), 1950.
• Hsia, T., China's Language Reforms, Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, (New Haven), 1956.
• Ladefoged, Peter; & Maddieson, Ian. (1996). The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-19814-8 (hbk); ISBN 0-631-19815-6 (pbk).
• Ladefoged, Peter; & Wu, Zhongji. (1984). Places of articulation: An investigation of Pekingese fricatives and affricates. Journal of Phonetics, 12, 267-278.
• Lehmann, W.P. (ed.), Language & Linguistics in the People's Republic of China, University of Texas Press, (Austin), 1975.
• Lin, Y., Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1972.
• Milsky, C., "New Developments in Language Reform", The China Quarterly, No.53, (January–March 1973), pp. 98–133.
• Norman, J., Chinese, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1988.
• Ramsey, R.S.(1987). The Languages of China. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01468-X
• San Duanmu (2000) The Phonology of Standard Chinese ISBN 0-19-824120-8
• Seybolt, P.J. & Chiang, G.K. (eds.), Language Reform in China: Documents and Commentary, M.E. Sharpe, (White Plains), 1979.
• Simon, W., A Beginners' Chinese-English Dictionary Of The National Language (Gwoyeu): Fourth Revised Edition, Lund Humphries, (London), 1975.
• Stalin, J.V., "Concerning Marxism in Linguistics", Pravda, Moscow, (20 June 1950), simultaneously published in Chinese in Renmin Ribao, English translation: Stalin, J.V., Marxism and Problems of Linguistics, Foreign Languages Press, (Peking), 1972.
• Wu, Y., "Report on the Current Tasks of Reforming the Written Language and the Draft Scheme for a Chinese Phonetic Alphabet", pp. 30–54 in Anon, Reform of the Chinese Written Language, Foreign Languages Press, (Peking), 1958.
• Zhou, E., "Current Tasks of Reforming the Written Language", pp. 7–29 in Anon, Reform of the Chinese Written Language, Foreign Languages Press, (Peking), 1958.
• Zhou, E., "The Immediate Tasks in Writing Reform", pp. 228–243 in Seybolt, P.J. & Chiang, G.K. (eds.), Language Reform in China: Documents and Commentary, M.E. Sharpe, (White Plains), 1979.
• Donald MacGillivray (1907). A Mandarin-Romanized dictionary of Chinese (2 nga ed.). Printed at the Presbyterian mission press. Naala idi 2011-05-15.

Dagiti akinruar a silpo

• Donald MacGillivray (1907). A Mandarin-Romanized dictionary of Chinese (2 nga ed.). Printed at the Presbyterian mission press. Naala idi 2011-05-15.
• China Christian Educational Association (1904). Primer of the standard system of Mandarin romanization. SHANGHAI: Printed at the Amer. Presbyterian Mission Press. p. 78. Naala idi 2011-05-15.(the University of California)
• Educational Association of China, F E. Meigs (1905). The standard system of Mandarin romanization, Volume 2. Printed at American Presbyterian Mission Press. Naala idi 2011-05-15.
• Educational Association of China (1904). The standard system of Mandarin romanization: introduction, sound table, and syllabary. SHANGHAI: American Presbyterian Mission Press. p. 100. Naala idi 2011-05-15.(the University of California)
• Educational Association of China, F E. Meigs (1904). The standard system of Mandarin romanization, Volume 2. SHANGHAI: Printed at American Presbyterian Mission Press.
• Mandarin Chinese Pinyin Table the complete listing of all Pinyin syllables and their variations used in standard Mandarin, along with native speaker pronunciation for each syllable
• Pakabuklan ti transkripsion a ponetiko ti Insik Naiyarkibo 2007-02-06 iti Wayback Machine
• Ramit a naibatay iti Java para itipanagbaliw kadagiti teksto kadagiti nadumaduma a sistema ti ronamisasion
• Romanisasion ti Insik
• www.pinyin.info
• www.romanization.com
• Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool – Baliwanna dagiti Pinyin, Zhuyin, ken dagiti sabali a pormat