Kitaen ti taudan para iti Subkontinente Indiano

{{Infobox kontinente
|title = Subkontinente Indiano
|image = [[Papeles:Indian Subcontinent (orthographic projection).svg|250px]]
|area = 4.4 a riwriw km<sup>2</sup> (1.7 a riwriw mi²)
|population = ~1.7 bilion
|density = 
|demonym = Subkontinental
|countries = [[India]]<br />[[Pakistan]]<br />[[Nepal]]<br />[[Butan]]<br />[[Myanmar]]<br />[[Banglades]]<br />[[Sri Lanka]]<br />[[Maldibas]]
|list_countries = 
|dependencies =
}}
Ti '''subkontinente Indiano''' wenno ti '''subkontinente''' ket ti akin-abagatan a rehion ti [[Asia]], ken kaaduan a mabirukan idiay [[Plata Indiano]] ken mapmapan nga agpaabagatan iti [[Taaw Indiano]]. Dagiti panangipalawag ti gay-at ti subkontinente ti Indiano ket aggigiddiat ngem kadawyan a mairaman dagiti bugas a daga ti [[India]], [[Pakistan]], ken [[Banglades]];<ref name=Oxford>"Indian subcontinent". ''New Oxford Dictionary of English'' ({{ISBN|0-19-860441-6}})  New York: Oxford University Press, 2001; p. 929: "ti paset ti Asia iti abagatan ti Himalaya a mangporma ti peninsula a gumay-at iti Taaw Indiano a nagbaetan ti [[Baybay Arabiano]] ken ti [[Luek ti Bengal]]. Daytoy ket naipakasaritaan a mangporma ti sibubukel a teritorio ti [[Kalatakan nga India]], ti rehion ket nabingingay ita iti nagbaetan ti India, Pakistan ken Banglades."</ref> Ti [[Sri Lanka]], [[Nepal]] ken [[Butan]] ket masansan pay a mairaman dagitoy. Ti rehion ket mangiraman ti nawatiwat a teritorio dagiti sabali a pagilian ken tinawtawagan babaen dagiti nadumaduma a bilang ti nagnagan a mairaman ti [[Abagatan nga Asia]], ti nagan nga umad-adu a dumaydayeg.<ref name=sugata /><ref name=inden /><ref name=mittal />

== Nomenklatura ==
{{nangruna|Abagatan nga Asia}}

Ti rehion ket nadumaduma a nanagananen a kas "India" (ti [[Tengnga a Pagpagarian ti India|sakbay ti moderno]] a kapanunotan), ti Indian a Subkontinente (ti termino a kadawyan a naus-usar iti Britaniko nga Imperio ken dagiti simmaruno iti daytoy)<ref>John McLeod, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y8Y3MH3dj6MC&pg=PA1&dq=indian+subcontinent+asia+continent&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a The history of India]'', page 1, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, {{ISBN|0-313-31459-4}}<br />Milton Walter Meyer, ''South Asia: A Short History of the Subcontinent'', pages 1, Adams Littlefield, 1976, {{ISBN|0-8226-0034-X}}<br />Jim Norwine & Alfonso González, ''The Third World: states of mind and being'', pages 209, Taylor & Francis, 1988, {{ISBN|0-04-910121-8}}<br />{{Cite book
  | last = Boniface
  | first = Brian G.
  |author2=Christopher P. Cooper
   | title = Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism
  | publisher = Butterworth-Heinemann
  | date = 2005
  | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=c46i9jr9mhgC&pg=PA344
  | isbn = 978-0-7506-5997-0}}<br />Judith Schott & Alix Henley, ''Culture, Religion, and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society'', pages 274, Elsevier Health Sciences, 1996, {{ISBN|0-7506-2050-1}}<br />Raj S. Bhopal, ''Ethnicity, race, and health in multicultural societies'', pages 33, Oxford University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-19-856817-7}}<br />Lucian W. Pye & Mary W. Pye, ''Asian Power and Politics'', pages 133, Harvard University Press, 1985, {{ISBN|0-674-04979-9}}<br />Mark Juergensmeyer, ''The Oxford handbook of global religions'', pages 465, Oxford University Press US, 2006, {{ISBN|0-19-513798-1}}<br />Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal, ''Modern South Asia'', pages 3, Routledge, 2004, {{ISBN|0-415-30787-2}}</ref> ken ti [[Abagatan nga Asia]].<ref name=mittal>Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby, ''Religions of South Asia: An Introduction'', page 3, Routledge, 2006, {{ISBN|9781134593224}}</ref><ref name="Kathleen M page 10">Kathleen M. Baker and Graham P. Chapman, ''The Changing Geography of Asia'', page 10, Routledge, 2002, {{ISBN|9781134933846}}</ref>  Urayno dagiti termino iti "Indiano a subkontinente" ken ti "Abagatan nga Asia" ket kadawyan a naipagsisinnukat,<ref>John McLeod, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y8Y3MH3dj6MC&pg=PA1&dq=indian+subcontinent+asia+continent&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a The history of India]'', page 1, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, {{ISBN|0-313-31459-4}}<br />Milton Walter Meyer, ''South Asia: A Short History of the Subcontinent'', pages 1, Adams Littlefield, 1976, {{ISBN|0-8226-0034-X}}<br />Jim Norwine & Alfonso González, ''The Third World: states of mind and being'', pages 209, Taylor & Francis, 1988, {{ISBN|0-04-910121-8}}<br />{{Cite book
  | last = Boniface
  | first = Brian G.
  |author2=Christopher P. Cooper
  | title = Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism
  | publisher = Butterworth-Heinemann
  | date = 2005
  | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=c46i9jr9mhgC&pg=PA344
  | isbn = 978-0-7506-5997-0}}<br />Judith Schott & Alix Henley, ''Culture, Religion, and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society'', pages 274, Elsevier Health Sciences, 1996, {{ISBN|0-7506-2050-1}}<br />Raj S. Bhopal, ''Ethnicity, race, and health in multicultural societies'', pages 33, Oxford University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-19-856817-7}}<br />Lucian W. Pye & Mary W. Pye, ''Asian Power and Politics'', pages 133, Harvard University Press, 1985, {{ISBN|0-674-04979-9}}<br />Mark Juergensmeyer, ''The Oxford handbook of global religions'', pages 465, Oxford University Press US, 2006, {{ISBN|0-19-513798-1}}<br />Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal, ''Modern South Asia'', pages 3, Routledge, 2004, {{ISBN|0-415-30787-2}}<br />Shiv R. Jhawar, ''Building a Noble World'', page 39, Noble World Foundation, 2004, {{ISBN|9780974919706}}<br />Erika Lee and Judy Yung, ''Angel Island: Immigrant Gateway to America'', page xxiii, Oxford University Press, 2010, {{ISBN|9780199752799}}</ref> adda met dagiti dadduma nga akademiko nga agtengtenggel a ti termino ti "Abagatan nga Asia" ket isu ti adu-adu a maus-usar idiay Europa ken Amianan nga Amerika.<ref>Judith Schott & Alix Henley, ''Culture, Religion, and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society'', pages 274, Elsevier Health Sciences, 1996, {{ISBN|0750620501}}</ref><ref>Raj S. Bhopal, ''Ethnicity, race, and health in multicultural societies'', pages 33, Oxford University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0198568177}}</ref>  Segun dagiti historiador a ni [[Sugata Bose]] ken ni [[Ayesha Jalal]], ti Indiano a Subkontinente ket nagbalinen a naammuan a kas ti Abagatan nga Asia "iti kinaud-udi ket neutral a panagibagbaga."<ref name=sugata>Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal, ''Modern South Asia'', pages 3, Routledge, 2004, {{ISBN|0415307872}}</ref> Ti Indolohista a ni Ronald B. Inden ket nangisupsuppiat a ti panagusar iti termino ti "Abagatan nga Asia" ket umad-adun gapu ta nalawlawag a mangilasin ti rehion manipud iti [[Daya nga Asia]].<ref name=inden>Ronald B. Inden, ''Imagining India'', page 51, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000, {{ISBN|1850655200}}</ref>

Ti [[BBC]], ken dagiti dadduma pay nga akademiko a taudan, ket mangibagbaga kadagiti rehion a kas ti "Asiano a Subkontinente".<ref>Lizzie Crouch and Paula McGrath, "[http://www.bbc.com/news/health-26724645 Humanity's global battle with mosquitoes]", Health check, BBC World Service</ref><ref>K. Alan Kronstadt, ''Terrorist Attacks in Mumbai, India, and Implications for U. S. Interests'', page 7, Diane Publishing, 2011, {{ISBN|9781437929539}}</ref> Adda met dagiti akademiko a nagay-ayat iti panagusar iti termino ti Abagatan nga Asia a Subkontinente.<ref>Aijazuddin Ahmad, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=I2QmPHeIowoC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Geography of the South Asian Subcontinent: A Critical Approach]'', page 17, Concept Publishing Company, 2009, {{ISBN|9788180695681}}</ref><ref>Ayesha Jalal, ''Partisans of Allah: Jihad in South Asia'', page xiii, Harvard University Press, 2009, {{ISBN|9780674039070}}</ref> Ti polieto nga inpablaak babaen ti [[Departamento ti Estado ti Estados Unidos]] idi 1959 ket inramanna ti Apganistan, Ceylon (manipud idi 1972 ket ti Sri Lanka), India, Nepal, ken Pakistan (mairaman pay ti [[Daya a Pakistan]], manipud idi 1971 ket ti Banglades) a kas paset ti "Subkontinente ti Abagatan nga Asia".<ref>Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office, ''The Subcontinent of South Asia: Afghanistan, Ceylon, India, Nepal and Pakistan'', United States Department of State, Public Services Division, 1959</ref> Kadagiti amin a panagdumaduma ti kinaudi nga – Abagatan nga Asia – ket isun ti nagbalin a kaaduan a naus-usar kalpasan idi naampon babaen dagiti moderno a gobierno a kas ti administratibo a pannakaidasig. Adu kadagiti eskolar a nagay-ayat pay iti termino.<ref name=mittal />

== Sakop ==
Babaen iti naikabil iti diksionario, to termino ti subkontinente ket mangibagbaga iti "kaada iti naisangayan a heograpikal wenno politikal a kinawaya" manipud iti dadduma a paset ti kontinente, wenno "ti nawatiwat ken ad-adu wenno basbassit a bukod a nailaon a subdibision iti kontinente"<ref>''[http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/ Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged]'', Merriam-Webster, 2002. Naala idi 11 Marso 2007</ref><ref>''Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged''.  2002. Merriam-Webster. [http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/ retrieved 11 March 2007.]</ref><ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'' 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 1989</ref> Ti termino ket saan pay a nalawag a mangibaga ti  "kaada iti naisangayan a heograpiko wenno politikal a knawaya" manipud iti amin a paset ti kontinente.<ref>''Oxfordrd English Dictionary'' 2nd edition.  1989.  Oxford University Press.</ref>

Ti termino ti Ingles ket agtultuloy a kaaduan a mangibagbaga iti Indiano a subkontinente.<ref name=McLeod>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y8Y3MH3dj6MC&pg=PA1&dq=indian+subcontinent+asia+continent&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a The history of India – By John McLeod]</ref><ref>Milton Walter Meyer, ''South Asia: A Short History of the Subcontinent'', pages 1, Adams Littlefield, 1976, {{ISBN|0-8226-0034-X}}</ref> Iti pisikal a heograpia, daytoy ket ti [[peninsula]] a rehion idiay abagatan-sentral nga Asia, a kaasping iti diamante a naisina babaen ti [[Himalaya]] iti amianan, ti [[Hindu Kush]] iti laud, ken ti [[Turturod Chin|Arakanese]] iti daya,<ref name="Chapman, Graham P. p. 10">Chapman, Graham P. & Baker, Kathleen M., eds. ''The changing geography of Asia''.  ({{ISBN|0-203-03862-2}}) New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002; p. 10: "This greater India is well defined in terms of topography; it is the Indian sub-continent, hemmed in by the Himalayas on the north, the Hindu Khush in the west and the Arakanese in the east."</ref> ken gumay-at nga agpaabagatan idiay Taaw Indiano a kakuyog iti [[Baybay Arabiano]] iti abagatan a laud ken ti [[Luek ti Bengal]] iti abagatan a daya.<ref name=Oxford /><ref>John McLeod, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y8Y3MH3dj6MC&pg=PA1&dq=indian+subcontinent+asia+continent&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a The history of India]'', page 1, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, {{ISBN|0-313-31459-4}}</ref> Kaaduan iti daytoy a rehion ket adda iti [[Plata Indiano]] ken naisalumina manipud iti amin a paset ti Asia babaen dagiti lapped ti bantay.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/Asia#Columbia_Encyclopedia_d_ans "Asia"> Geology and Geography]. ''The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', 6th ed. Columbia University Press, 2003: "Asia can be divided into six regions, each possessing distinctive physical, cultural, economic and political characteristics... South Asia (Afghanistan and the nations of the Indian subcontinent) is isolated from the rest of Asia by great mountain barriers."</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/38479/Asia "Asia" > Geologic history – Tectonic framework]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2009: "The paleotectonic evolution of Asia terminated some 50 million years ago as a result of the collision of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia. Asia’s subsequent neotectonic development has largely disrupted the continent’s preexisting fabric. The first-order neotectonic units of Asia are Stable Asia, the Arabian and Indian cratons, the Alpide plate boundary zone (along which the Arabian and Indian platforms have collided with the Eurasian continental plate), and the island arcs and marginal basins."</ref>

Ti Plata Indiano, bayat a mangiraman iti kaaduan ti rehion, ket mangporma ti masa ti daga manipud iti [[Himalaya]] iti paset ti labneng iti sirok ti [[Taaw Indiano]], a mairaman dagiti paset ti [[Abagatan a laud a Tsina|Abagatan a Tsina]], ken dagiti pay kabambantayan ti [[Kuen Lun]] ken [[Karakoram]],<ref>Sinvhal, ''Understanding Earthquake Disasters'', page 52, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-07-014456-9}}</ref><ref>Harsh K. Gupta, ''Disaster management'', page 85, Universities Press, 2003, {{ISBN|978-81-7371-456-6}}</ref><ref>James R. Heirtzler, ''Indian ocean geology and biostratigraphy'', page American Geophysical Union, 1977, {{ISBN|978-0-87590-208-1}}</ref> ken gumay-at idiay ngem saan a mairaman ti [[Ladakh]], [[Distrito ti Kohistan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa|Kohistan]], ti kabambantayan ti [[Hindu Kush]] ken ti [[Balochistan]].<ref>M. Asif Khan, ''Tectonics of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis and the Western Himalaya'', page 375, Geological Society of London, 2000, {{ISBN|978-1-86239-061-4}}</ref><ref>Srikrishna Prapnnachari, ''Concepts in Frame Design'', page 152, Srikrishna Prapnnachari, {{ISBN|978-99929-52-21-4}}</ref><ref>A. M. Celâl Şengör, ''Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan Region'', Springer, 1989, {{ISBN|978-0-7923-0067-0}}</ref>

== Panangipalawag ==
No matawagan iti Indiano a subkontinente wenno Abagatan nga Asia, ti panangipalawag ti heograpikal a gay-at iti daytoy a rehion ket agdumaduma. Iti heopolitiko, daytoy ket nangporma ti sibubukel a teritorio ti [[Kalatakan nga India]],<ref name="Kathleen M page 10" /><ref>Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby, ''Religions of South Asia: An Introduction'', page 3, Routledge, 2006, {{ISBN|9781134593224}}</ref> ken itan ket kadawyan a buklen dagiti pagilian ti [[India]], [[Pakistan]], ken [[Banglades]].<ref name=Oxford /> Sakbay idi 1947, dagiti tallo a pagilian ket historikal a naitipon ken nangbukel ti [[Britaniko nga India]]. Daytoy ket gangani pay a kankanayon a mangiraman ti [[Nepal]], [[Butan]], ken ti isla a pagilian ti [[Sri Lanka]] ken mabalin pay a mairaman ti [[Apganistan]] ken ti isla apagilain ti [[Maldibas]].<ref>John McLeod, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Y8Y3MH3dj6MC&pg=PA1&dq=indian+subcontinent+asia+continent&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a The history of India]'', page 1, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, {{ISBN|0-313-31459-4}}<br />Stephen Adolphe Wurm, Peter Mühlhäusler & Darrell T. Tryon, ''Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas'', pages 787, International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies, Published by Walter de Gruyter, 1996, {{ISBN|3-11-013417-9}}<br />[http://www.answers.com/topic/south-asia#Columbia_Encyclopedia_d_ans "Indian subcontinent" > Geology and Geography].<br />''The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia'', 6th ed. Columbia University Press, 2003: "region, S central Asia, comprising the countries of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh and the Himalayan states of Nepal, and Bhutan. Sri Lanka, an island off the southeastern tip of the Indian peninsula, is often considered a part of the subcontinent."<br />{{Cite book
  | last = Haggett
  | first = Peter
  | authorlink = 
  | title = Encyclopedia of World Geography (Vol. 1)
  | publisher = Marshall Cavendish
  | date = 2001
  | page = 2710
  | isbn = 0-7614-7289-4}}</ref> Segun ti antropologo a ni [[John R. Lukacs]], "Ti Subkontinente Indiano ket sakupenna ti nangruna a masa ti daga ti Abagatan nga Asia."<ref>John R. Lukacs, ''The People of South Asia: the biological anthropology of India, Pakistan, and Nepal'', page 59, Plenum Press, 1984, {{ISBN|9780306414077}}</ref> bayat a segun ti politikala propesor a ni [[Tatu Vanhanen]], "Dagiti pito a pagilian ti Abagatan nga Asia ket heograpiko a buklen ti kompakto a rehion iti likmut ti Subkontinente Indiano".<ref>Tatu Vanhanen, ''Prospects of Democracy: A Study of 172 Countries'', page 144, Routledge, 1997, {{ISBN|9780415144063}}</ref>

Ti panagusar pay ti nalawlawa a pannakaipalawagn&nbsp;– no mairaman ti India, Pakistan, Bangladeh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Butan ken ti Maldibas a kas dagiti konstituente a pagilian&nbsp;– ti Indiano a subkontinente ket sakupenna ti agarup a 4.4 a riwriw a km² (1.7 a riwriw a mi²), nga agrup daytoy iti 10% iti kontinente ti Asia wenno 3.3% iti kalawa ti rabaw ti daga iti lubong.<ref name=JJCO>Desai, Praful B. 2002. [http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/32/suppl_1/S13.pdf Cancer control efforts in the Indian subcontinent]. ''Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology''. 32 (Supplement 1): S13-S16. "The Indian subcontinent in South Asia occupies 2.4% of the world land mass and is home to 16.5% of the world population...."</ref><ref name=EoMA>"[http://www.bookrags.com/research/indian-subcontinent-ema-03/ Indian Subcontinent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121100141/http://www.bookrags.com/research/indian-subcontinent-ema-03/ |date=2012-01-21 }}". ''Encyclopedia of Modern Asia''. Macmillan Reference USA (Gale Group), 2006: "The area is divided between five major nation-states, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and includes as well the two small nations of Bhutan and the Maldives Republic... The total area can be estimated at 4.4 million square kilometres, or exactly 10 percent of the land surface of Asia... In 2000, the total population was about 22 percent of the world's population and 34 percent of the population of Asia."</ref> iti amian, daytoy ket mangbukel para iti agarup a 45% iti populasion ti Asia (wenno sumurok a 25% iti populasion ti lubong) ken pagtaengan dagiti adu a kita ti tattao.<ref name="JJCO" /><ref name=Britannica>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/38479/Asia "Asia" > Overview].  ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2009: "The Indian subcontinent is home to a vast diversity of peoples, most of whom speak languages from the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European family."</ref><ref name=EoMA2>"[http://www.bookrags.com/research/indian-subcontinent-ema-03/ Indian Subcontinent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121100141/http://www.bookrags.com/research/indian-subcontinent-ema-03/ |date=2012-01-21 }}". ''Encyclopedia of Modern Asia''. Macmillan Reference USA (Gale Group), 2006: "The total area can be estimated at 4.4 million square kilometres, or exactly 10 percent of the land surface of Asia... In 2000, the total population was about 22 percent of the world's population and 34 percent of the population of Asia."</ref>

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Dagiti kontinente iti lubong}}
{{Dagiti rehion iti lubong}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indiano, Subkontinente}}
[[Kategoria:Abagatan nga Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Heograpia ti Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti peninsula ti Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti rehion ti Asia]]
[[Kategoria:Dagiti kontinente]]