Kitaen ti taudan para iti Gubat ti Bietnam

{{Infobox suppiat ti militar
|partof      = ti [[Nalamiss a Gubat]] ken ti [[Indotsina a Gubgubat]]
|image       = Bruce Crandall's UH-1D.jpg
|image_size  = 300px
|caption     = Ti [[Bell UH-1 Iroquois|Bell UH-1D a helikopter]] a piniloto ni Komandante [[Bruce P. Crandall]] ket sumangsang-at ti langit kalpasan a nangibaba kadagiti inpanteria ti Estados Unidos para iti mision nga [[agbiruk ken dadaelen]]
|
|date        = {{start date|df=yes|1955|11|1}}<ref group=A name="start date" /> – {{End date|df=yes|1975|4|30}} ({{Age in years and days|1955|11|1|1975|04|30}})
|place       = [[Abagatan a Bietnam]], [[Amianan a Bietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]]
|causes      = Panagkaykaysa ti Bietnam (Amianan a Bietnam)<br />[[Panaglas-ud nga annuroten]] ken [[Domino a teoria]], [[Golpo iti Tonkin a Pasamak]] (Estados Unidos)
|territory   = Panagkaykaysa ti Amianan ken Abagatan a Bietnam iti [[Betnam|Sosialista a Republika ti Bietnam]].
|result      = Panagballigi ti [[Amianan a Bietnam]]
* Panagsanud dagiti [[Siiigam a Buyot iti Estados Unidos|puersa ti Amerikano]] manipud idiay [[Indotsina]]
* Pannakarunaw iti [[Republika iti Bietnam]]
* Nagturay dagiti komunista agobierno idiay [[Panagpadasan a Rebolusionario a Gobierno iti Republika iti Abagatan a Bietnam|Abagatan a Bietnam]], [[Demokratiko a Kampuchea|Cambodia]] ken [[Laos]]
|
|combatant1  = Dagiti puersa ti '''[[Kontra-komunismo|Kontra-Komunista]]:'''
'''{{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} [[Republika iti Bietnam]]'''<br />
'''{{wagayway|Estados Unidos}}'''<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Republic of Korea}} [[Republika iti Korea]]<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Australia}} [[Australia]]<br />
{{wagayway|Filipinas|1919}}<br />
{{wagayway|Baro a Selanda}}<br />
{{wagayway|Tailandia}}<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Cambodia|1970}} [[Khmer a Republika]]<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Laos|1952}} [[Pagarian iti Laos]]

''Sinuportaran babaen ti:''<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Spanish State}} [[Francoista nga ESpania|Espania]]<ref>Larsen, Stanley R. ken Collins, James L. Jr. ''Panagdal ti Bietnam: Pannakibinglay dagiti Kumaduaan idiay Bietnam''. Washington, DC: Departamento ti Buyot, 1985. p. 167. Ti Espania ket nangipatulod sangkakuyogan ti medisina idiay Probinsia ti Co Gong idi 1965.</ref><br />
{{wagaywayikono|Republic of China}} [[Republika iti Tsina]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html|title=ALLIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM |accessdate=24 Septiembre 2011 }}</ref><br />
|
|combatant2  = Dagiti puersa a'''[[Komunismo|komunista]]:'''
'''{{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Demokratiko a Republika iti Bietnam]]'''<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} '''[[Viet Cong]]'''<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Cambodia|1975}} [[Khmer Rouge]]<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Laos}} [[Pathet Lao]]

''Sinuportaran babaen ti:''<br />
{{flag icon|Democratic People's Republic of Korea}} [[Demokratiko a Republika dagiti Tattao iti Korea]]<br />
{{wagaywayikono|People's Republic of China}} [[Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina]] (aginggana ti 1968)<br />
{{wagayway|Kappon ti Sobiet}}<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Cuba}} [[Republika iti Kuba]]
|
|strength1   = '''~1,830,000 (1968)'''<br />
Republika ti Bietnam: 850,000<br />
Estados Unidos: 536,100<br />
[[Dagiti Puersa ti Militar ti Nawaya a Lubong]]: 65,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historycentral.com/Vietnam/Troop.html |title=Gubat ti Bietnam : Kapigsa dagiti tropa ti E.U. |publisher=Historycentral.com |accessdate=17 Oktubre 2009 }}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/mrc/reader/vvmcr.htm |title=Dagiti kinapudno a maipanggep ti Pammalagip nga Urnong dagiti Beterano ti Bietnam |publisher=nps.gov}} (agdakdakamat Dagiti immuna a panggubatan a tropa ti Amerikano a simmanglad idiay  [[Abagatan a Bietnam]] idi Marso 1965, a naisangsangayan ti Maikatlo a Rehimento ti Kuerpo Marina ti E.U., Maikatlo a Dibision ti Kuerpo Marina, a naibaniaga idiay Bietnam manipud idiay Okinawa tapno mangsalaknib ti Da Nang, Bietnam, a dalanan ti eroplano. Idi panawen ti a kakaruan a pannakibinglay ti E.U., 31 Disiembre 1968, dagiti bilang dagiti kumaduaan a puersa ket dagiti sumaganad: 536,100 militar a tropa ti E.U., nga adda dagiti 30,610 militar ti E.U. a natnatayen; 65,000 dagiti Puersa ti Militar ti Nawaya a Lubong; 820,000 Siiigam a Buyot ti Abagatan a Bietnam (SVNAF) nga adda dagiti 88,343 a natnatayen. Iti gibus ti gubat, adda dagiti agarup a 2,200 a napukpukaw ti aksion ti E.U. (MIA) ken naibaludan ti gubat (POW). Taudan: Harry G. Summers, Jr. Alamanak ti Gubat ti Bietnam, Kinapudo ti Panangipablaak dagiti Papeles, 1985.)</ref><br />
Republika ti Korea: 50,000<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TGJ9V06p0BQC&pg=PA16 |title=Kuerpo Marina ti Bietnam 1965–73 |publisher=Google Books |date=8 Marso 1965 |accessdate=29 Abril 2011 |archive-date=2013-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120034450/http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TGJ9V06p0BQC&pg=PA16 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
Mankomunidad ti Australia: 7,672<br />
Pagarian ti Tailandia, Filipinas: 10,450<br />
Baro a Selanda: 552
|
|strength2   = '''461,000'''+<br />
Demokratiko a Republika iti Bietnam: 287,465 (Enero 1968)<ref>Gubat ti Bietnam kalpasan dagiti Reporta ti Aksion, BACM Research, 2009,  panid 430</ref><br />
Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina: 170,000 (1969)<br />
Kappon ti Sobiet: 3,000<br />
Demokratiko a Republika dagiti Tattao iti Korea: 300–600
|
|commander1  = {{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} [[Ngo Dinh Diem|Ngô Đình Diệm]] <br />{{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} [[Nguyen Van Thieu|Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]]<br />{{wagaywayikono| South Vietnam}} [[Nguyen Cao Ky|Nguyễn Cao Kỳ]]<br />{{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} [[Cao Van Vien|Cao Văn Viên]]<br />{{wagaywayikono|USA}} [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] <br />{{wagaywayikono|USA}} [[Richard Nixon]]<br />{{wagaywayikono|USA}} [[William Westmoreland]]<br />{{wagaywayikono|USA}} [[Creighton Abrams]]<br />[[Dagiti daulo ti Gubat ti Bietnam|…''ken dadduma pay'']]
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|commander2  = {{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh|Hồ Chí Minh]]<br />{{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Le Duan|Lê Duẩn]] <br />{{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Vo Nguyen Giap|Võ Nguyên Giáp]] <br />{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Hoang Van Thai|Hoàng Văn Thái]] <br /> {{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}} [[Van Tien Dung|Văn Tiến Dũng]] <br />{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Tran Van Tra|Trần Văn Trà]]<br />{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyen Van Linh|Nguyễn Văn Linh]]<br />{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]]<br />[[Dagiti daulo ti Gubat ti Bietnam|…''ken dadduma pay'']]
|
|casualties1 = {{wagaywayikono|South Vietnam}} '''Republika ti Bietnam'''<br />361,000<ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 />-720,000 a natnatay a sibilian;<ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 /> natnatay a militar: 220,357 (kababaan a karkulo)<ref name="aaron" /> – 316,000 a natay (kangatuan a karkulo);<ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997>{{citation |last=Rummel  |first=R.J |year=1997 |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF |format=GIF |title=Tabla 6.1A. Bietnam Demosidio : Dagiti karkulo, Dagiti nagtaudan, ken dagiti panagkarlulo, |work=Kawayaan, Demokrasia, Kappia; Bileg, Demosidio, ken Gubat, Unibersidad ti Hawaii a Sistema }}</ref> 1,170,000 a nasugsugatan<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Estados Unidos}} '''Estados Unidos'''<br />58,220 a natnatay;<ref group=A name=USd&w /> 303,644 a nasugsugatan<ref group=A name=USd&w /><br />
{{wagaywayikono|South Korea}} '''Republika ti Korea'''<br />5,099 a natnatay; 10,962 a nasugsugatan; 4 a napukpukaw<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Australia}} '''Mankomunidad ti Australia'''<br />521 a natnatay; 3,000 a nasugsugatan<br />
{{wagaywayikono|New Zealand}} '''Baro a Selanda'''<br />37 da natnatay; 187 a nasugsugatan<br />
{{wagaywayikono|Thailand}} '''Pagarian ti Tailandia'''<br />1,351 a natnatay<ref name="aaron" /><br />
{{wagaywayikono|Laos|1952}} '''Pagaraian ti Laos'''<br />30,000 a natnatay, di am-ammo dagiti nasugatan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vietnamgear.com/casualties.aspx |title=Dagiti nadangran ti Gubat ti Bietnam |publisher=Vietnamgear.com |date=3 Abril 1995 |accessdate=17 Oktubre 2009 }}</ref>

'''Dagup dagiti natay: 676,585 – 1,035,585'''<br />'''Dagup dagiti nasugatan: ~1,490,000+'''
|
|casualties2 = {{wagaywayikono|North Vietnam}}{{wagaywayikono|Republic of South Vietnam}} '''Amianan a Bietnam & NLF'''<br />50,000<ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 />-182,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index2.html |title=Paggugubatan:Linia a Pagurasan ti Bietnam |publisher=Pbs.org |accessdate=31 Oktubre 2011}}</ref> sibilian a natnatay<br /> 533,000 – 1,489,000 a militar a natnatay wenno napukpukaw;<ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 /> 600,000+ a nasugsugatan<ref>Soames, John. ''Ti Pakasaritaan iti Lubong'', Routledge, 2005.</ref><br />
{{wagaywayikono|Tsína}} '''Republika dagiti Tattao iti Tsina'''<br />1,446 a natnatay; 4,200 a nasugsugatan<br />{{wagaywayikono|Kappon ti Sobiet}} '''Kappon ti Sobiet'''<br />16 a natnatay<ref>Dunnigan, James & Nofi, Albert: ''Dagiti Babassit a Sekreto ti Gubat ti Bietnam: Dagiti Pakaammo ti Militar a Saanmo koma a Maamuan.'' St. Martin's Press, 2000, p. 284. {{ISBN|0-312-25282-X}}.</ref>

'''Dagup dagiti natnatay: 584,462-1,672,462'''<br />'''Dagup dagiti nasugsugatan: ~604,200+'''
|
|casualties3 = 
'''Dagiti sibilian a Bietnamis a natnatay''': 411,000<ref name=FOOTNOTERummel1997 /> – 2,000,000<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm</ref><br />
'''Dagiti sibilian a Kambodiano a nanatay''': 200,000 – 300,000*<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001" /><ref name="Marek Sliwinski 1995" /><ref name="Banister, Judith 1993" /><br />
'''Dagiti sibilian a Laotiano a natnatay''': 20,000 – 200,000*<br />
'''Dagup dagiti sibilian a natnatay:''' 631,000 – 2,500,000<ref name="afp1995-a">{{cite news |title=20 a Tawtawen kaplasan ti Panagballigi, Dagiti Bietnamis a Komunista ket Agpanpanunotda no Kasanoda nga Agrambak |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 Abril 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=24 Pebrero 2011 }} Ti Bietnamis a gobierno ket opisial a nagtunton ti narusanger a karkulo kadagiti 2 a riwriw a natnatay a sibilian, ngem saanna a biningbingay dagitoy a natay ti nagbaetan ti Amianan ken Abagatan a Bietnam.</ref><br />
'''Total dead''': 1,481,047 – 4,008,047

<nowiki>*</nowiki> ken agibaga dagiti kapagarupan, kitaen ti [[#Dagiti nadangran|Dagiti nadangran]] dita baba<br />
Para iti adu pay a pakaammo kitaen ti [[Dagiti nadangran ti Gubat ti Bietnam]]
}}

Ti '''Gubat ti Bietnam'''{{#tag:ref|Makunkuna pay a ti ''Maikadua nga Indotsina a Gubat'', ''Bietnam a Suppiat'', ''Amerikano a Gubat'' idiay Bietnam, ken, ken idiay pay Bietnam, a kas ti ''Gubat a panagsuppiat kadagiti Amerikano tapno a Maisalakan ti Pagilian''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/Social-Isssues/193440/Two-250kg-wartime-bombs-defused.html |title=Opisial a taudan ti panagusar ti nagan |publisher=Vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn |date=29 Oktubre 2009 |accessdate=28 Abril 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429011017/http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/Social-Isssues/193440/Two-250kg-wartime-bombs-defused.html |archivedate=2011-04-29 |url-status=live }}</ref>|group="A"}} ket maysa idi a [[Nalamiis a Gubat]] a panawen a [[Palikud a gubat|suppiat ti militar]] a rimsua idiay [[Bietnam]], [[Laos]], ken [[Cambodia]] manipud idi 1 Nobiembre 1955{{#tag:ref|Gapu ti nasapa a kaadda dagiti tropa ti Amerikano idiay Bietnam ti petsa a panangrugi ti Gubat ti Bietnam ket narigat a maammuan. Idi 1998 kalpasan ti nangato a panagrepaso babaen ti [[Departamento iti Salaknib ti Estados Unidos|Departamento iti Salaknib (DoD)]] ken babaen dagiti ganetget ti pamilia ni [[Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr.|Richard B. Fitzgibbon]] ti panangrugi a petsa ti Gubat ti Bietnam ket nasukatan ti 1 Nobiembre 1955.<ref name="DoD p. ">{{harvnb|DoD|1998|p=}}</ref> Ti gobierno ti E.U. ket agdama nga agdakdakamat ti 1 Nobiembre 1955 a kas ti panagrugi iti "Bietnam a Suppiat," gaputa daytoy ket ti aldaw a pannakaibaniaga dagiti Grupo ti Militar a Panagtulong ti Panagbalakad ti E.U. ({{lang-en|U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG)}}) idiay Indotsina (naibaniaga idiay Abagatan a daya nga Asia babaen ni Presidente Truman) ket naurnong manen a kas dagiti naisangsangayan ti pagilian a paspaset ken ti MAAG a Bietnam ket napabangon idi.<ref name="Lawrence p. 20">{{harvnb|Lawrence|2009|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&pg=PA20 20]}}</ref>

Dagiti sabsabali pay a petsa a panagrugi ketmairaman idi ti Hanoi ket nangipalubos kadagiti puersa ti Viet Cong idiay Abagatn a Bietnam a mangrugi kadagiti ababa nga agpang ti [[insureksion]] idi Disiembre1956,<ref name=autogenerated1>James Olson ken Randy Roberts, ''Idiay Nagtinnagan ti Domino: Amerika ken Bietnam, 1945–1990'', p. 67 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991).</ref> nga adda dagiti makakitkita a ti 26 Septiembre 1959 idi ti immuna a gubat ket rimsua ti nagbaetan ti Komunista ken Abagatan a Bietnam a Buyot, a kas tipetsa a panagrugi.<ref name="WarBegan">[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm Dagiti nagtaudan ti Insureksion idiay Abagatan a Bietnam, 1954–1960] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184424/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |date=2017-10-19 }}, Dagiti Papel ti Pentagon (Gravel nga Edision), Tomo 1, Kapitulio 5, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), Paset 3, pp. 314–346; Departamento ti Internasional a Pannakibiang, Kolehio ti Bantay Holyoke.</ref>
|group="A"|name="start date"}} aginggana ti [[Panakatnag iti Saigon]] odi 30 Abril 1975. Daytoy a gubat ket sinarunona ti [[Umuna nga Indotsina a Gubat]] ken naglabana a nagbaetan ti [[Amianan a Bietnam]], ketn sinopurtaran babaen dagiti [[komunismo|komunista]] a kumaduaanna, ken ti gobierno ti [[Abagatan a Bietnam]], a sinopurtaran babaen ti [[Estados Unidos]] ken dagiti sabsabali a [[kontra-komunismo|kontra-komunista]] a pagpagilian.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Gubat ti Bietnam |quote=Kabayatan a, ti Estados Unidos, ti militarna ket desmoralisado ken dagiti sibilian nga elektorado ket naunegda a nabingbingay, ket nagrugida kadagiti pamay-an a panakaawat ti panaapaay ti kaatddogan ken kaaduan ti nagsuppiat a gubat|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/628478/Vietnam-War |accessdate=5 Marso 2008}}</ref> Ti [[Viet Cong]] (makunkuna pay a ti Sangauanag ti Nailaina Panagwayawaya, wenno NLF), ti maysa a nalagan a naarmasan nga Abagtana Bietnam a tinengtengngel ti komunista a [[sapasap a sanguanan]], ket kaaduan a nakilablaban ti maysa a [[gerilia a pannakigubatan|gerilia agubat]] a sumuppiat kadagiti konta-komunista a pursa iti dayta a rehion. Ti [[Buyot dagiti Tattao ti Bietnam]] (Buyot ti Amianan a Bietnam) ken nakisinnupiat kadagiti kaaduan a [[kadawyan a pannakigubatan|kadawyan a gubat]], nga adda dagiti panawen nagitalek kadagiti dadakkel a unit iti gubatan. Ti E.U. ken dagiti puersa ti Abagatan a Bietnam ket nagitaltalekda kadagiti [[Supremasia ti angin]] ken ti agparmek a kabilegan tapno agaramid kadagiti [[agbiruk ken dadaelen]] nga operasion, a mairaman dagiti [[Buyot|puersa ti daga]], [[artileria]], ken dagiti [[panagpunta manipud iti tangatang]].

Ti pannakakita ti gobierno ti E.U. ti panakibiang ti daytoy a gubat ket ti kasla dalan a panagpawil ti panagraut dagiti [[komunista]] iti Abagatan a Bietnam a kas paset ti nalawlawa nga estratehia iti  [[panaglas-ud]]. Ti gobierno ti Amianan a Bietnam ken Viet Cong ket nakitkitada daytoy a suppiat a kas maysa a [[kolonial a gubat]], nga immuna a nilabanan a maisuppiat ti [[Pransia]], a sinuportaran babaen ti Estados Unidos, ken kalpasan daytoy ti suppiatan a maipapan ti Abagatan a Bietnam, a daytoy ket naipanunotanda a kas [[tirtiris nga estado]] ti Estados Unidos .<ref>{{cite web |author=Digital History, Steven Mintz |url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/vietnam/index.cfm |title=The Vietnam War |publisher=Digitalhistory.uh.edu |accessdate=31 October 2011 |archive-date=30 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030062649/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/vietnam/index.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dagiti Amerikano nga [[agbalbalakad a militar]] ket simmangpetda idi idiay [[Pranses nga Indotsina]] a nangrugi idi 1950. Ti pannakairaman ti Estados Unidos ket kimmaro idi kasapaan ti 1960, nga dagiti kaadu ti tropa ket natriple idi 1961 ken natriple manen idi 1962.<ref>[http://25thaviation.org/facts/id430.htm Dagiti Estadistika ken Kinapudno I ti Gubat ti Bietnam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006085906/http://25thaviation.org/facts/id430.htm |date=2009-10-06 }}, sapot a pagsaaadan ti Maika-25 nga Abiasion a Batalion.</ref> Dagiti [[Militar nga organisasion|pananakigubat a unit]] ti Estados Unidos ket nagrugida a naibaniaga idi 1965. Dagiti operasio ket naigay-at kadagiti internasional a pagbeddengan, a dagitoy ket nakaro a binomba ti Laos ken Cambodia. Ti Amerikano a pannakairaman ti daytoy a gubat ket kimmaro idi 1968, iti panawen ti [[Tet Offensive|Tet a Panagraut]]. Kalpasan daytoy, dagiti puersa ti daga ti Estados Unidos ket naininutda a naikkat a kas paset ti annuroten nga ammo a kas ti [[Bietnamisasion]]. Uray pay no ti [[Paris a Panagtunos ti kappia]], a pinirmaan dagiti amin a nairaman idi Enero 1973, ti pannakilablaban ket nagtutuloy.

Ti pannakairaman ti Estados Unidos ket nagpatingga idi 15 Agosto 1973 a aks nagbanagan ti [[Case–Church Panagpasayaat]] nga impasa ti Kongreso ti Estados Unidos.<ref>Kolko, Gabriel ''Anatomia iti Gubat'', pp. 457, 461 ff., {{ISBN|1-898876-67-3}}.</ref> Ti [[Pannakatnag iti Saigon|pannakatiliw iti Saigon]] babaen dagiti Buyot dagiti Tattao iti Bietnam idi Abril 1975 ket nangmarka daytoy ti panagpatingga ti gubat, ken ti Amianan ken Abagatan a Bietnam ket napagkaykaysa ti simmaruno a tawen. Ti gubat ket gapuanan ti adu a bayad iti termino dagiti nadangran (kitaen ti [[Dagiti nadangran ti Gubat ti Bietnam]]).  Dagiti karkulo ti bilang dagiti soldado ti Bietnam ket dagiti sibilian a natnatay ket agdumaduma manipud iti basbassit a maysa a riwriw<ref>Charles Hirschman et al., "Dagiti nadangran a Bietnamis idi Panawen ti Amerikano a Gubat: Baro a Karkulo," Panagrepaso ti Populasion ken Panagrang-ay, Disiembre 1995.</ref> aginggana iti ad-adu ngem tallo a riwriw.<ref name="afp1995">{{cite news |title=20 a Tawtawen Kalpasan ti Panagballigi, Dagiti Bietnamis a Komunista ket Agpanpanunotda no Kasanoda nga Agrambak |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 Abril 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=24 Pebrero 2011 }}</ref><ref>Associated Press, 3 Abril 1995, "Ti Bietnam ket agkunkuna a 1.1 a Riwriw dagiti Natnatay a Nakilablaban Para iti Amianan."</ref> Addda ti 200,000–300,000 a [[Tattao a Khmer|Kambodiano]],<ref name="Heuveline, Patrick 2001">Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "Ti Demograpiko a Panagusig iti Mortalidad idiay Kambodia." Iti Napilit a Panagtalaw ken Mortalidad, eds. Holly E. Reed ken Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: Nailian nga Akademia a Pagmalditan.</ref><ref name="Marek Sliwinski 1995">Marek Sliwinski, Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique (L'Harmattan, 1995).</ref><ref name="Banister, Judith 1993">Banister, Judith, ken Paige Johnson (1993). "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia." In Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community, ed. Ben Kiernan. New Haven, Conn.: Unibersidad ti Yale a Panagadadal ti Abagatan a daya nga Asia .</ref> 20,000–200,000 [[Tattao a Lao|Laotiano]],<ref>Warner, Roger, Punpuntaan ti Bulan, (1996), pp366, nagkarkulo ti 30,000 a Hmong.</ref><ref>Obermeyer, "Limapulo a tawtawen dagiti natnatay ti naranggas a gubat manipud iti Bietnam aginggana ti Bosnia", ''Medisina a Warnakan ti Britaniko,'' 2008, nagkarkulo ti 60,000 a dagup.</ref><ref>T. Lomperis, ''Manipud iti Gubat dagiti Tattao aginggan ti Panagturay dagiti Tattao,'' (1996), nagkarkulo ti 35,000 a dagup.</ref><ref>Small, Melvin & Joel David Singer, ''Agresorta kadagiti Armas: Internasional ken Sibil a Gubagubat 1816–1980'', (1982), nagkarkulo ti 20,000 a dagup.</ref><ref>Taylor, Charles Lewis, ''Ti Libro ti Lubong iti Politiko a Sosial a Pangituduan,'' nagkarkulo ti 20,000 a dagup.</ref><ref>Stuart-Fox, Martin, ''Pakasaritaan iti Laos,'' nagkarkulo ti 200,000 babaen idi 1973.</ref> ken 58,220 a kamkamen dagiti serbisio ti Estados Unidos ket natnatay pay iti daytoy a suppiat.{{#Tag:Ref|Dagiti bilang ti 58,220 ken 303,644 para kadagiti natnatay ti E.U. ken nasugsugatan ket nanipud ti Departamento iti Dibision ti Estadistika iti Panagusig ti Pakaammo (SIAD), Defense Manpower Data Center, ken nanipud pay idiay Departamento dagiti Beterano ti kipudno a papel a napetsaan idi Mayo 2010<ref>{{cite report |date=26 Pebrero 2010 |title=Dagiti Gubat ti Amerika |url=http://www1.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |publisher=Departamento ti Beterano a Pannakibiang |access-date=2012-06-26 |archive-date=2014-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124020810/http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ti CRS ([[Serbiso ti Kongreso a Panagsukisok]]) Reporta para iti Kongreso, Amerikano a Gubat ken dagiti Nadangran ti Militar nga Operasion: Dagiti Listaan ken Estadistika, napetsaan ti 26 Pebrero 2010,<ref>{{cite report |date=26 Pebrero 2010 |title=Amerikano a Gubat ken dagiti Nadangran ti Militar nga Operasion: Dagiti Listaan ken Estadistika |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |author1=Anne Leland |author2=Mari–Jana "M-J" Oboroceanu |publisher=Serbiso ti Kongreso a Panagsukisok}}</ref> ken ti libro a Kriso a Bietnam: Panaglaplagip ti Inpateria a Teniente.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lawrence|2009|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&pg=PA65 65], [http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&pg=PA107 107], [http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&pg=PA154 154], [http://books.google.com/books?id=CxtJ56I2cjMC&pg=PA217 217]}}</ref> Adda dagiti sabali a nagtaudan nga agited kadagiti sabali a bilang (a kas ti 2005/2006 a dokumentario a ''Puso iti Kasipngetan: Dagiti Kronika ti Gubat ti Bietnam 1945–1975'' a nagdakat iti daytoy nga artkulo ket agited ti bilang iti 58,159 a natnatay ti E.U.,<ref name="aaron">{{cite video |people = Aaron Ulrich (editor); Edward FeuerHerd (nagpatpataud ken direktor) |date=2005–2006 |title = Puso iti Kasipngetan: Dagiti Kronika ti Gubat ti Bietnam 1945–1975 |medium = Dokumentario|publisher = Koch Vision |time = 321 a minuto |isbn = 1-4172-2920-9 }}</ref> ken ti 2007 libro a ''Annak a Lallaki ti Bietnam'' ket agited ti bilang iti 58,226)<ref>Kueter, Dale.  ''Annak a Lallaki ti Bietnam:  Para kadagiti dadduma, ti Gubat ket Saan pay a Nalpas.''  AuthorHouse (Marso 21, 2007).   {{ISBN|978-1-4259-6931-8}}</ref>|name=USd&w|group=A}}

== Anotasion ==
{{Reflist|group="A"}}

== Paammo ==
{{Reflist}}

== Dagiti nagibasaran ==
=== Dagiti maikadua a nagtaudan ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
*Anderson, David L. ''Columbia Guide to the Vietnam War'' (2004).
*Baker, Kevin. "Stabbed in the Back! The past and future of a right-wing myth", ''Harper's Magazine'' (June 2006) {{cite web |url = http://www.harpers.org/archive/2006/06/0081080 |title = Stabbed in the back! The past and future of a right-wing myth (Harper's Magazine) |accessdate = 11 Hunio 2008 }}
*Angio, Joe. ''Nixon a Presidency Revealed'' (2007) The History Channel television documentary
*Berman, Larry. ''Lyndon Johnson's War: The Road to Stalemate'' (1991).
*Blaufarb, Douglas. ''The Counterinsurgency Era'' (1977) a history of the Kennedy Administration's involvement in South Vietnam.
*Brigham, Robert K. ''Battlefield Vietnam: A Brief History'' a PBS interactive website
*{{Cite book|last=Brocheux|first=Pierre |title=Ho Chi Minh: a biography|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85062-9|pages=[http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=fJtqjYiVbUAC&pg=PA198 198]}}
*Buckley, Kevin. [http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/Vietnam/buckley.html "Pacification's Deadly Price"], ''Newsweek'', 19 Hunio 1972. <!--accessed 7, 5 August 2008-->
*Buzzanco, Bob. "25 Years After End of Vietnam War: Myths Keep Us From Coming To Terms With Vietnam", ''The Baltimore Sun'' (17 April 2000) {{cite web |url = http://www.commondreams.org/views/041700-106.htm |title = 25 Years After End Of Vietnam War Myths Keep Us From Coming To Terms With Vietnam |accessdate = 11 June 2008 |archive-date = 5 June 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080605195117/http://www.commondreams.org/views/041700-106.htm |url-status = dead }}
*Church, Peter ed. ''A Short History of South-East Asia'' (2006).
*Cooper, Chester L. ''The Lost Crusade: America in Vietnam'' (1970) a Washington insider's memoir of events.
*{{Cite book|last=Courtwright|first=David T.| title = Sky as frontier: adventure, aviation, and empire|edition=2005|year=2005| publisher = Texas A&M University Press| isbn= 1-58544-419-7}}
*Demma, Vincent H. "The U.S. Army in Vietnam." ''American Military History'' (1989) the official history of the United States Army. Available [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/history/marshall/military/vietnam/short.history/chap_28.txt online]
*{{cite book |last=Dennis |first=Peter |title=The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History |publisher=Oxford University Press Australia & New Zealand |location=Melbourne |year=2008 |edition=Maika-2 |isbn=978-0-19-551784-2}}
*{{cite web|last = DoD|date = 6 Nobiembre 1998|url = http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=1902|title = Name of Technical Sergeant Richard B. Fitzgibbon to be added to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial|publisher = Department of Defense (DoD)|accessdate = 31 Marso 2010|quote = }}
*Duiker, William J. ''The Communist Road to Power in Vietnam'' (1996).
*Duncanson, Dennis J. ''Government and Revolution in Vietnam'' (1968).
*Fincher, Ernest Barksdale, ''The Vietnam War'' (1980).
*Ford, Harold P. ''CIA and the Vietnam Policymakers: Three Episodes, 1962–1968.'' (1998).
*Gerdes, Louise I. ed. ''Examining Issues Through Political Cartoons: The Vietnam War'' (2005).
*Gettleman, Marvin E.; Franklin, Jane; Young, Marilyn ''Vietnam and America: A Documented History.'' (1995).
*Hammond, William. ''Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1962–1968'' (1987); ''Public Affairs: The Military and the Media, 1068–1973'' (1995). full-scale history of the war by U.S. Army; much broader than title suggests.
*{{cite book|last=Healy|first=Gene|title=The Cult of the Presidency: America's Dangerous Devotion to Executive Power|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MRA2jIyejwAC|year=2009|publisher=Cato Institute|isbn=978-1-933995-19-9}}
*Herring, George C''. America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950–1975'' (4th ed 2001), most widely used short history.
*Hitchens, Christopher. ''The Vietnam Syndrome''.
*{{Cite book|last=Karnow|first=Stanley|authorlink = | title = Vietnam: A History|edition=1991|year=1991| publisher = Viking Press| isbn= 0-670-84218-4}}; popular history by a former foreign correspondent; strong on Saigon's plans.
*Kutler, Stanley ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War'' (1996).
*{{Cite book|last=Lawrence|first=A. T.|title = Crucible Vietnam: Memoir of an Infantry Lieutenant|edition=2009|year=2009| publisher = McFarland| isbn= 0-7864-4517-3}}.
*Lawrence, Mark Atwood.  "The Vietnam War: A Concise International History", 2008, Oxford University Press.
*Leepson, Marc ed. ''Dictionary of the Vietnam War'' (1999) New York: Webster's New World.
*Lewy, Guenter. ''America in Vietnam'' (1978), defends U.S. actions.
*Logevall, Fredrik. ''The Origins of the Vietnam War'' (Longman [Seminar Studies in History] 2001).
*McMahon, Robert J. ''Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War: Documents and Essays'' (1995) textbook.
*McNamara, Robert, James Blight, Robert Brigham, Thomas Biersteker, Herbert Schandler, ''Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy'', (Public Affairs, 1999).
*{{cite book |last=McGibbon|first=Ian |title=The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Auckland |year=2000 |edition= |isbn=0-19-558376-0}}
*{{Cite book|last=McNeill |first=Ian |title=To Long Tan: The Australian Army and the Vietnam War 1950–1966 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=St Leonards |year=1993 |isbn=1-86373-282-9}}
*Milne, David. ''America's Rasputin: Walt Rostow and the Vietnam War'' (Hill & Wang, 2008).
*Moise, Edwin E. ''Historical Dictionary of the Vietnam War'' (2002).
*{{Cite book|last=Moïse|first=Edwin E.| title = Tonkin Gulf and the escalation of the Vietnam War|edition=1996|year=1996| publisher = UNC Press| isbn= 0-8078-2300-7}}
*Moss, George D. ''Vietnam'' (4th ed 2002) textbook.
*Moyar, Mark. ''Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965'', (Cambridge University Press; 412 pages; 2006). A revisionist history that challenges the notion that U.S. involvement in Vietnam was misguided; defends the validity of the domino theory and disputes the notion that Ho Chi Minh was, at heart, a nationalist who would eventually turn against his Communist Chinese allies.
*Major General Spurgeon Neel. ''Medical Support of the U.S. Army in Vietnam 1965–1970'' (Department of the Army 1991) official medical history
*Nulty, Bernard.''The Vietnam War'' (1998) New York: Barnes and Noble.
*{{Cite book|last=Osborn|first=Terry A.| title = The future of foreign language education in the United States|edition=2002|year=2002| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group| isbn= 978-0-89789-719-8}}
*Palmer, Bruce, Jr. ''The Twenty-Five Year War'' (1984), narrative military history by a senior U.S. general.
*Schell, Jonathan. ''The Time of Illusion'' (1976).
*Schulzinger, Robert D. ''A Time for War: The United States and Vietnam, 1941–1975'' (1997).
*Sorley, Lewis, ''A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America's Last Years in Vietnam'' (1999), based upon still classified tape-recorded meetings of top level US commanders in Vietnam, {{ISBN|0-15-601309-6}}
*Spector, Ronald. ''After Tet: The Bloodiest Year in Vietnam'' (1992), very broad coverage of 1968.
*{{Cite book|last=Stanton|first=Shelby L.| title = Vietnam order of battle|edition=2003|year=2003| publisher = Stackpole Books| isbn= 0-8117-0071-2}}
*Summers, Harry G. [http://books.google.com/books?id=-Z4l-ZySVWwC ''On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War''], Presidio press (1982), {{ISBN|0-89141-563-7}} (225 pages)
*Tucker, Spencer. ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War'' (1998) 3 vol. reference set; also one-volume abridgement (2001).
*{{cite book|last=Willbanks|first=James H.|title=Vietnam War almanac|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=X5WWklFB5O4C|year=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7102-9}}
*Witz, James J. ''The Tet Offensive: Intelligence Failure in War'' (1991).
*Young, Marilyn, B. ''The Vietnam Wars: 1945–1990.'' (1991).
*Xiaoming, Zhang. "China's 1979 War With Vietnam: A Reassessment", ''China Quarterly.'' Issue no. 184, (December 2005) {{cite web |url = http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=358806 |title = CJO – Abstract – China's 1979 War with Vietnam: A Reassessment |accessdate = 11 June 2008 |archive-date = 31 October 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071031013014/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=358806 |url-status = dead }}
{{Refend}}

=== Dagiti kangrunaan a nagtaudan ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
*Carter, Jimmy. ''[http://www.usdoj.gov/pardon/carter_proclamation.htm By The President Of The United States Of America, A Proclamation Granting Pardon For Violations Of The Selective Service Act], 4 August 1964 To 28 Marso 1973'' (21 Enero 1977)
*Central Intelligence Agency. "[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/la.html#history Laos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229000748/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/la.html#history |date=2010-12-29 }}", ''CIA World Factbook''
*Kolko, Gabriel [http://www.counterpunch.org/kolko04292005.html The End of the Vietnam War, 30 Years Later] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012020407/http://counterpunch.org/kolko04292005.html |date=2007-10-12 }}
*Eisenhower, Dwight D. ''Mandate for Change.'' (1963) a presidential political memoir
*Ho, Chi Minh. "Vietnam Declaration of Independence", ''Selected Works.'' (1960–1962) selected writings
*LeMay, General Curtis E. and Kantor, MacKinlay. ''Mission with LeMay'' (1965) autobiography of controversial former Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
*Kissinger, United States Secretary of State Henry A. [http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/exhibits/vietnam/750512a.htm "Lessons on Vietnam", (1975) secret memoranda to U.S. President Ford] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609093415/http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/exhibits/vietnam/750512a.htm |date=2007-06-09 }}
*Kim A. O'Connell, ed. ''Primary Source Accounts of the Vietnam War'' (2006)
*McCain, John. ''Faith of My Fathers: A Family Memoir'' (1999) *Marshall, Kathryn. ''In the Combat Zone: An Oral History of American Women in Vietnam, 1966–1975'' (1987)
*Martin, John Bartlow. ''Was Kennedy Planning to Pull out of Vietnam?'' (1964) oral history for the John F. Kennedy Library, tape V, reel 1.
*Myers, Thomas. ''Walking Point: American Narratives of Vietnam'' (1988)
*''Public Papers of the Presidents, 1965'' (1966) official documents of U.S. presidents.
*Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr. ''Robert Kennedy and His Times.'' (1978) a first-hand account of the Kennedy administration by one of his principal advisors
*Sinhanouk, Prince Norodom. "Cambodia Neutral: The Dictates of Necessity." ''Foreign Affairs.'' (1958) describes the geopolitical situation of Cambodia
*Tang, Truong Nhu. ''A Vietcong Memoir'' (1985), revealing account by senior NLF official
*Terry, Wallace, ed. ''Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War by Black Veterans'' (1984)
*{{Cite book| last =Truong|first= Như Tảng; David Chanoff, Van Toai Doan| authorlink =| title = A Vietcong memoir|edition=1985|year=1985| publisher = Harcourt Brace Jovanovich| isbn= 978-0-15-193636-6}}<small>- Total pages: 350 </small>
*The landmark series Vietnam: A Television History, first broadcast in 1983, is a special presentation of the award-winning PBS history series, American Experience.
*''The Pentagon Papers'' (Gravel ed. 5 vol 1971); combination of narrative and secret documents compiled by Pentagon. [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent1.html excerpts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818075800/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent1.html |date=2018-08-18 }}
*U.S. Department of State. ''Foreign Relations of the United States'' (multivolume collection of official secret documents) [https://archive.ph/20121214065042/www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_i/index.html vol 1: 1964]; [https://archive.ph/20121214072617/www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_ii/index.html vol 2: 1965]; ; [https://archive.ph/20121214024847/www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_iv/index.html vol 4: 1966];
*U.S. Department of Defense and the House Committee on Armed Services. ''U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967.'' Washington, D.C. Department of Defense and the House Committee on Armed Services, 1971, 12 volumes.
*Vann, John Paul [http://www.answers.com/topix/john-paul-vann-44k ''Quotes from Answers.com''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429011907/http://www.answers.com/topix/john-paul-vann-44k |date=2011-04-29 }} Lt. Colonel, U.S. Army, DFC, DSC, advisor to the ARVN 7th Division, early critic of the conduct of the war.
{{Refend}}

[[Kategoria:Gubat ti Bietnam]]
[[Kategoria:Nangruna nga artikulo (atiddog)]]